Helping Clients Reduce Anxiety Symptoms at Work 協助減緩來訪者在工作中的焦慮症狀 文章:Megan Myers 編譯:宋昀修 https://www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/494889/_self/CC_layout_details/false This article originally appeared in NCDA's web magazine, Career Convergence, at www.ncda.org. Copyright National Career Development Association, (March, 2023). Reprinted with permission |
焦慮可能會以一系列症狀出現,像是難以控制思緒胡思亂想、出汗增多、肌肉緊張、睡眠困難、嗜睡、腸胃道問題及注意力不集中(Anxiety & Depression Association of America, n.d.)。而生涯顧問和生涯諮詢師需要了解和教導來訪者如何減輕工作場所中的焦慮,才能支持他們實現生涯目標。
應對焦慮 心理諮商師可以幫助來訪者理解引發焦慮的某些核心問題和創傷,生涯顧問和生涯諮詢師則可以協助個案如何應對焦慮症狀。越來越多的研究顯示,辯證行為療法(DBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy)也有助於緩解焦慮症狀,尤其是當焦慮與抑鬱症等其他精神健康障礙同時發生時(Webb et al., 2016)。以下建議可用來幫助來訪者了解與應對工作場所中的焦慮。
處理工作中的焦慮情緒的第一步是注意到哪些工作場景會觸發焦慮情緒。DBT鼓勵個案在不帶批判的狀況下注意自己的情緒及觸發點,以減少圍繞這些情緒的羞愧感。
常見的工作焦慮觸發因子有:
焦慮時常見的生理反應包括:
「沉澱(Grounding)」這個單字意思是將身體從不安的情緒或壓力下穩定下來。由於焦慮同時發生於生理與心理,因此透過解決生理上的症狀來緩解焦慮或壓力是非常重要的。透過「沉澱」這樣的方式有助於讓身體平靜下來並集中注意力,從而可以對工作中的困難狀況作出有效的決策。沉澱技巧可以運用在生理上或心理上的(Raypole, 2022)。
沉澱技巧:
如果您的來訪者很難在工作中運用沉澱技巧,那分散注意力好從焦慮的思緒中轉移開來可能會有幫助。鼓勵來訪者覺察到他們正專注於某件讓他們感到擔憂或壓力的事情時,引導他們從這些事情上轉移注意力至少30分鐘。儘管這不是應對焦慮的長期解決方案,但在當下可能會有幫助。
分散注意力的建議:
當人們感到羞恥或內疚時,往往會加重他們的焦慮感。即使當下原因並不明顯,人們感到焦慮通常有更深層次的原因,因此確認來訪者焦慮的原因對於減輕整體焦慮症狀至關重要(Harris, 2015)。
到目前為止,已經討論了針對焦慮症狀的戰術和身體應對機制,除此之外在協助來訪者時您還可以嘗試使用以下幾種方法:
為何「協助減緩來訪者在工作中的焦慮症狀」對生涯諮詢師是重要的?
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References |
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Anxiety & Depression Association of America. (n.d.) Symptoms: Generalized anxiety disorder. https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad/symptoms Harnett, H. (2022, June 14). Any company can support employees' mental health: Here's how with some low- and no-cost tools. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90760638/any-company-can-support-employees-mental-wellness-heres-how-with-some-low-and-no-cost-tools Harris, R. (2015, November 1). The struggle switch [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCp1l16GCXI McLaren, S. (2020, May 20). 5 ways companies are supporting employees' Mental Health and Preventing Burnout. LinkedIn. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://www.linkedin.com/business/talent/blog/talent-engagement/ways-companies-support-mental-health-and-prevent-burnout Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Hari, R., & Hietanen, J. K. (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(2), 646–651. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321664111 Panchal, N., Kamal, R., Cox, C., & Garfield, R. (2021). The implications of COVID-19 for mental health and substance use. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/ Raypole, C. (2022, June 13). 30 grounding techniques to quiet distressing thoughts. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/grounding-techniques Simpson, S. (2022). Integrating somatics into career coaching. Career Convergence. https://www.careerconvergence.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/471023/_self/CC_layout_details/false The American Institute of Stress. (n.d.). Workplace stress. Author. https://www.stress.org/workplace-stress Webb, C. A., Beard, C., Kertz, S. J., Hsu, K. J., & Björgvinsson, T. (2016). Differential role of CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility in predicting depressive versus anxiety symptom improvement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 81, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.006 |
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作者:Megan Myers |
Email: megan@myerscareercoaching.com
Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/meganmyers1010/